If you’re hauling a kayak with a trailer, figuring out how much of the kayak can stick out the back is important for safety and legal reasons. You might be tempted to load it up without worrying about length, but certain rules need to be followed to avoid trouble. These rules change depending on the state, your trailer, and the size of your kayak.
Legal Limits: State Rules Vary
Different places have different laws about how far cargo can extend from a trailer. In general, most states in the U.S. allow a kayak or any other object to extend up to 4 feet past the end of the trailer without requiring additional marking. Going beyond this may need a flag or light. Some states, like California, are stricter and limit overhang to 3 feet in the front, and 6 feet in the rear. Be sure to check your state’s Department of Transportation or DMV rules.
All length provisions regarding automobile transporters are exclusive of front and rear cargo overhang. No State shall impose a front overhang limitation of less than 3 feet or a rear overhang limitation of less than 4 feet. Extendable ramps or ‘‘flippers’’ on automobile transporters that are used to achieve the allowable 3-foot front and 4-foot rear cargo overhangs are excluded from the measurement of vehicle length, but must be retracted when not supporting vehicles.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2011-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title23-vol1-sec658-13.pdf
According to federal regulations, any cargo sticking out more than 4 feet must be marked with a red flag, especially during the day.
Any commercial motor vehicle transporting a load which extends beyond the sides by more than 102 mm (4 inches) or more than 1,219 mm (4 feet) beyond the rear must have the extremities of the load marked with red or orange fluorescent warning flags. Each warning flag must be at least 457 mm (18 inches) square.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/393.87
At night, you need red or amber lights attached. This ensures others can see the load and avoid collisions. Keep in mind that these requirements are in place to keep everyone on the road safe, so complying is crucial.
Per CVC Section 35406 (a), the load upon any vehicle, or on the front vehicle of a combination of vehicles, shall not extend more than three feet beyond the foremost part of the front tires of the vehicle or the front bumper of the vehicle, if it is equipped with a front bumper.
https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/legal-truck-access/overhang
Consider the Size of Your Kayak and Trailer
The average length of a kayak is about 10 to 12 feet. Some touring kayaks or tandem kayaks can reach up to 18 feet. Whether your trailer can handle a kayak hanging off depends on the total length of the trailer itself. If your trailer is only 10 feet long, and your kayak is 16 feet, you’re looking at a 6-foot overhang. If your state allows a 4-foot overhang without markers, you’ll need to reduce the extra length or add safety measures.
If you’re using a utility trailer, and your kayak is too long, you can install a kayak rack to manage overhangs safely. A rack helps keep the kayak more stable and minimizes bounce or shifting when on the move.
Straps and Safety Precautions
When loading a kayak onto a trailer, always secure it with ratchet straps or bungee cords. It’s best to fasten the bow and stern to the trailer as well. If your kayak extends over 4 feet beyond the back, add a flag or light on the end so drivers behind you see the extra length.
Accidents can happen when people don’t notice the end of the load sticking out. A bright red flag, at least 12 by 12 inches, tied securely to the back, ensures visibility. In some states, drivers can get fined for failing to add a flag or marker to loads extending over the legal limit.
Kayak Trailers vs. Roof Racks
Many people debate whether to use a kayak trailer or a roof rack for hauling their kayak. If you’re dealing with long distances or multiple kayaks, a trailer makes more sense. It avoids the strain on your vehicle and leaves more space for other gear.
A roof rack, however, can be more convenient for shorter trips or single kayaks. Just make sure your car can handle the weight and that you know how far the kayak can extend out.
A common concern with trailers is the tendency for the kayak to bounce. Adding extra supports like crossbars or foam padding can help reduce bounce and keep your load secure.
Consequences of Ignoring Overhang Limits
Ignoring the legal limits can result in fines, tickets, and even accidents. In some states, failing to properly mark a load can lead to penalties of over $200. Worse, if your improperly marked load causes an accident, you could face liability. It’s not worth the risk to just hope no one notices.
Loads extending without proper markings are major contributor to road accidents involving trailers. These accidents typically occur in low-light conditions, where drivers can’t see the load in time to react. This further emphasizes the need for proper lighting and safety flags.
Final Thoughts
Transporting a kayak with a trailer can be convenient, but only if you stay within the legal overhang limits and follow proper safety precautions. Keep track of state-specific laws and secure your kayak with proper ratchet straps and markers. Always use bright flags or lights if you’re going over the limit. A safer, more stable kayak will not only avoid fines but also keep others on the road safe.
